Only user have permission Edit can input the values.
On the issue screen, Jira have two mode ( issue create, issue view).
In issue create mode, permission Edit is required. The user can chosen the values in the custom field.
In issue view mode, the user have permission view or edit will see the value of the custom field.
if user don’t have permission:
image don’t have permission.
if the custom field is not configure.
image don’t have configure.
Number Field Security get the value from the chosen custom field on Issue. The application will process the value (encode to store it, decode to show it).